Vertebrate Anatomy
BIOL 381 (&381L), 3/1 cr. hrs.
Black Hills State University
Spring, 2008
Course Meeting Time and Location:
lecture - 12:00-12:50 MWF, BJA 304
lab - 3:00-4:50 Tuesday, BJS 147
Instructor’s Contact Information:
Dr. Charles Lamb
Office - BJS 150
Office hours – MW 1-2, TTh 8-9
Phone - 642-6026
Course Description :
This course is a study of the anatomy of the vertebrates with an emphasis on the mammals.
Course Prerequisites:
This course requires prior completion of BIOL 151 & 151L, and concurrent enrollment in BIOL 381 & 381L. As far as student preparation, I will announce the required reading for each meeting in advance, and I expect each student to read the material before coming to class. Falling behind in this course is easy to do and difficult to remedy (we will be covering approximately 750 pages of text in lecture alone!), so it is the responsibility of each student to be prepared.
Description of Instructional Methods:
The material will be taught using a combination of lecture presentations, laboratory dissections of the cat, prosected material from humans and other organisms, videodisc material on the human body, and computerized instruction formats.
Course Requirements:
Textbooks:
Lecture - Human Anatomy (required)
Martini, Timmons, & Tallitsch
Lab - A Study of the Cat: with Reference to Human Beings (required)
Walker and Homberger
Attendance Policy -
Regular attendance is the responsibility of each student. You will not be penalized for missing lectures (other than having to depend on your fellow students for the material covered that day), but I plan on covering about 30 pages of text per day and it is your responsibility to keep up with the class. In laboratory, I expect you to put in as much time and effort as it takes to learn the structures of the body. How you do this is your business, but I strongly recommend taking advantage of the time that I am with you in the laboratory. Students may not miss an examination, unless they contact me prior to the scheduled examination date to arrange for a make-up exam. Any unexcused absences will result in the student receiving zero points for that examination.
Cheating and plagiarism policy -
Each student should be familiar with the guidelines for Personal Identification and Representation as stated in the Student Handbook. The following passage is particularly relevant:
"A student who, in connection with his or her studies, disrupts a class, plagiarizes, cheats, or otherwise violates reasonable standards of academic behavior may, at the discretion of the faculty member involved, have his or her enrollment cancelled and/or be given a reduced or failing grade."
You're investing your money and your time in order to get a quality education, so I expect all of you to act as responsible adults.
Make-up policy -
(see above)
Course Learning Goals or Objectives:
We will be learning how form is related to function in the vertebrate body. You should come out of this course with a detailed knowledge of how structure affects function in different organ systems in the body. This course is designed to prepare students for advanced study in professional or graduate school programs.
Evaluation Procedures:
Students will receive separate grades for the lecture and laboratory portions of this course. The grades will be determined as follows:
|
Percentage
|
Grade
|
Lecture
|
Lab
|
|
90-100 %
|
A
|
324-360 pts
|
225-250 pts
|
|
80-89
|
B
|
288-323
|
200-224
|
|
70-79
|
C
|
252-287
|
175-199
|
|
60-69
|
D
|
216-251
|
150-174
|
|
<60
|
F
|
0-215
|
0-149
|
Lecture -
Each of the three exams will cover only material presented during that section of the course. They will be worth 100 points each. In addition to the 3 exams, there will be 3 short quizes worth 20 points each. Thus, there are 360 points available in the lecture portion of the course.
Labs -
Each student's performance in lab will be evaluated by two practical exams, each involving only the material covered during that portion of the course. These tests are worth 100 points each. An additional 50 points is available in the form of a lab notebook that the student produces during the course of the semester. This notebook will be a collection of notes, drawings, comments, etc. that the student will contribute to every day they are in the lab. It will be graded on originality, completeness, and effort, so copied or traced material is discouraged. There is no set format that each student must follow, but this should be approached as a study aid to help you learn the multitude of structures that you will be responsible for in lab.
ADA Statement (must be used verbatim):
“Reasonable accommodations, as arranged through the Disabilities Services Coordinator, will be provided students with documented disabilities. Contact the BHSU Disabilities Services Coordinator at 642-6099 (room 022 in the Student Union) for more information.”
Academic Freedom and Responsibility (must be used verbatim):
“Under Board of Regents and University policy student academic performance may be evaluated solely on an academic basis, not on opinions or conduct in matters unrelated to academic standards. Students should be free to take reasoned exception to the data or views offered in any course of study and to reserve judgment about matters of opinion, but they are responsible for learning the content of any course of study for which they are enrolled. Students who believe that an academic evaluation reflects prejudiced or capricious consideration of student opinions or conduct unrelated to academic standards should contact the chair of the department in which the course is being taught to initiate a review of the evaluation.”
Tentative Course Outline/Schedule:
Lecture:
Section 1 - Chapters 1-8 in Martini, Timmons, and Tallitsch;
Quiz on Mon., Feb. 08; Exam on Wed., Feb. 25
Section 2 - Chapters 9-18 in Martini, Timmons, and Tallitsch;
Quiz on Mon., Mar. 14; Exam on Mon., Apr. 07
Section 3 - Chapters 19-28 in Martini, Timmons, and Tallitsch;
Quiz on Mon., Apr. 23; Exam at 8:00 AM on Thur., May 08 (Final)
Lab:
Section 1 - External anatomy, Skeleton, Muscles
Exam on Tues., Mar. 04
Section 2 - Nervous, Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, and Urogenital systems
Exam on Tues., April 29
(See following pages for a detailed schedule.)
Academic Dishonesty Statement:
Each student should be familiar with the guidelines for Personal Identification and Representation as stated in the Student Handbook (pp.18-19... or wherever it is located in this year’s version). The following passage is particularly relevant:
"A student who, in connection with his or her studies, disrupts a class, plagiarizes, cheats, or otherwise violates reasonable standards of academic behavior may, at the discretion of the faculty member involved, have his or her enrollment cancelled and/or be given a reduced or failing grade."
You're investing your money and your time in order to get a quality education, so I expect all of you to act as responsible adults.
Vertebrate Anatomy (BIOL 381) Lecture Schedule (tentative):
(Spring, 2008)
|
Date
|
Topic
|
|
Jan 18
|
Introduction (Ch.1)
|
|
21
|
MLK Day
|
|
23
|
Tissues
|
|
25
|
no class (Science Fair)
|
|
28
|
"
|
|
30
|
Integument (Ch. 4)
|
|
Feb 01
|
"
|
|
04
|
Skeletal Structure (Ch. 5)
|
|
06
|
"
|
|
08
|
Axial Skeleton (Ch. 6) (Quiz 1)
|
|
11
|
"
|
|
13
|
Appendicular Skeleton (Ch. 7)
|
|
15
|
"
|
|
18
|
Presidents' Day
|
|
20
|
Articulations (Ch. 8)
|
|
22
|
"
|
|
25
|
Exam 1
|
|
27
|
Muscle Tissue (Ch. 9)
|
|
29
|
"
|
|
Mar 03
|
Muscles (Ch. 10-11)
|
|
05
|
"
|
|
07
|
Nerves (Ch. 13)
|
|
10
|
Spinal Cord & Nerves (Ch. 14)
|
|
12
|
"
|
|
14
|
Brain (Ch. 15/16) (Quiz 2)
|
|
17
|
Spring Break
|
|
19
|
"
|
|
21
|
"
|
|
24
|
Easter Monday
|
|
26
|
Brain (cont.)
|
|
28
|
Autonomic Nerv. Syst. (Ch. 17)
|
|
Mar 31
|
Senses (Ch. 18)
|
|
Apr 02
|
"
|
|
04
|
"
|
|
07
|
Exam 2
|
|
09
|
Endocrine System (Ch. 19)
|
|
11
|
Heart (Ch. 21)
|
|
14
|
Vessels (Ch. 22)
|
|
16
|
Respiratory System (Ch. 24)
|
|
18
|
Digestive System (Ch. 25)
|
|
21
|
"
|
|
23
|
Urogenital Systems (Ch. 26/27) (Quiz 3)
|
|
25
|
"
|
|
28
|
"
|
|
30
|
Development (Ch. 28)
|
|
May 02
|
"
|
|
09
|
Exam 3 (8:00 on Thurs., 08 May)
|
Laboratory Schedule:
Week 1 - 22 Jan Skeletal System I: axial skeleton -- pp. 10-37 (140 terms)
Week 2 - 29 Jan Skeletal System II: appendicular skeleton -- pp. 38-50 (91 terms)
Week 3 - 05 Feb Muscles I: extern. surf., cutan. trunk, caud. trunk, pect. muscles
pp. 4-7, 60-72 (23 terms)
Week 4 - 12 Feb Muscles II: pectoral (cont.) -- pp. 72-84 (37 terms)
Week 5 - 19 Feb Muscles III: pelvic muscles -- pp. 84-97 (43 terms)
Week 6 - 26 Feb Muscles IV: pelvic (cont.) -- pp. 97-109 (33 terms)
Week 7 - 04 Mar Midterm Exam -- Ch. 1-4 (367 terms)
Week 8 - 11 Mar Central Nervous System: (demo - coronal sections of sheep brain)
pp. 127-151 (142 terms)
Week 9 - 18 Mar Spring Break
Week 10 - 25 Mar Peripheral Nervous System & Sensory Organs: (demo - eye & ear)
pp. 151-157, 112-123 (112 terms)
Week 11 - 01 Apr Digestive & Respiratory Systems: (demo - pig lungs & heart)
pp. 158-186 (156 terms)
Week 12 - 08 Apr Circulatory System I: cranial to heart (demo - sheep & ox hearts)
pp. 187-209 (93 terms)
Week 13 - 15 Apr Circulatory System II: caudal to heart -- pp. 209-226 (121 terms)
Week 14 - 22 Apr Urogenital Systems: (demo - pig kidney & cow repro. tracts)
pp. 238-257 (100 terms)
Week 15 – 29 Apr Final Exam -- Ch. 5-9; Lab notebooks due (724 terms)
Safety Guidelines for anatomy labs:
· Follow all instructions given by your teacher.
· Do not bring food or drinks into the laboratory.
· Minimize contact with preservative chemicals:
- rinse the specimens completely before dissection;
- wear gloves (provided by us) and protective clothing during dissection;
- wear safety goggles (provided by us) to prevent the splashing of any chemicals into the eyes - do not wear contact lenses into the lab under any circumstances;
- know where the eye-wash fountain is and how to use it if needed;
- never ingest specimen parts, or bring hands near mouth or eyes;
- inform your teacher of any illness or injury resulting from exposure to specimens, chemicals, or tools used in the laboratory.
· Handle dissection equipment (provided by us) with extreme care.
· Treat all specimens with appropriate respect and consideration, any inappropriate behavior will result in access to the lab being limited to scheduled class time only.
· Use only your specimen for dissection.
· Never remove specimens or specimen parts from the classroom - until the dissection is completed all parts of the dissection must remain within the dissecting pan.
· Properly dispose of dissected materials – do not wash tissues into the sink or leave them on the counter or the floor.
· Store specimens only as directed by your teacher.
· Clean up the work area and return all equipment (washed and dried) to the proper place when the dissection is completed.
· Wash hands after each dissection.
Anatomical Structures for BIOL 381L
(bold terms from Walker & Homberger)
Cat Skeletal System
Axial Skeleton
Vertebrae:
cervical –
transverse foramen, atlas, axis, alar foramen, dens
thoracic –
vertebral arch, spinous process, vertebral canal, vertebral body (centrum), acoelous,
cranial articular processes, caudal articular processes, diapophyses, articular facet, pedicle,
intervertebral foramina, accessory process
lumbar –
pleurapophysis, mamillary process
sacral –
sacrum, dorsal/ventral foramina
caudal –
hemal arches, hemal processes
Ribs –
head, tuberculum, neck, body, costal cartilage, vertebrosternal ribs, vertebrocostal ribs,
vertebral ribs, true ribs, false ribs
Sternum –
sternebrae, manubrium, xiphisternum, body, xiphoid process
Head Skeleton
General:
facial region, cranial region, nares, orbits, foramen magnum, occipital condyle, tympanic bullae, external acoustic meatus, mastoid process, paracondylar process, zygomatic arch,
mandibular fossa, temporal fenestra, postorbital processes, nuchal crest, sagittal crest,
temporal line, hard palate, choanae, pterygoid process, hamulus, pterygoid fossa, incisive, lacrimal, zygomatic, temporal, squamous portion, petrosal portion , tympanic, endotympanic, malleus, incus, stapes, nasals, frontals, parietals, occipital, interparietal, ethmoid, basisphenoid, presphenoid, vomer, palatine, sutural ligament, periosteum, lambdoidal suture, sagittal suture, synchondroses
Interior:
cranial cavity, caudal cranial fossa, rostral cranial fossa, tentorium, internal acoustic meatus,
sella turcica, sphenoidas air sinus, frontal air sinus, cribriform plate, ethmoid, perpendicular plate, conchae, dorsal concha, ventral concha, middle concha, ventral nasal meatus
Foramina:
cribriform foramina, optic canal, orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, internal acoustic meatus, stylomastoid foramen, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, ethmoid foramen, infraorbital canal, alveolar foramina, sphenopalatine foramen, palatine fissure, palatine canal, pterygoid canal, auditory tube lacrimal canal, carotid canal, condyloid canal, fenestra vestibuli, fenestra cochleae
Lower Jaw:
mandible, dentary bones, intermandibular joint, body, masseteric fossa, coronoid process,
condyloid process, angular process, mandibular foramen, mental foramina
Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral Girdle:
scapula (coracoid process, glenoid fossa, dorsal border, cranial border, caudal border, scapular spine, acromion, metacromion, supraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa), clavicle, humerus (head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, condyle, trochlea, capitulum, olecranon fossa, medial epicondyle lateral epicondyle, supracondylar foramen, body), ulna (trochlear notch, olecranon, coronoid process, radial notch, lateral styloid process), radius (head, radial tuberosity, medial styloid process), manus, carpus, carpal bones, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, sesamoid bones, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, metacarpals, phalanges
Pelvic Girdle:
ilium, ischium, pubis, os coxae (acetabulum, crest, obturator foramen, tuberosity of the ischium, symphyses, pelvic canal), femur (head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, trochanteric fossa, lateral condyle, medial condyle, epicondyles, intercondyloid fossa), patella, tibia (condyles, tuberosity, crest, medial malleolus), fibula (lateral malleolus), pes, tarsus, tarsal bones, talus, calcaneus, tuber calcanei, sustentaculum tali, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuniform, lateral cuniform, cuboid, metatarsals, phalanges
Cat Muscles
MUSCLE GROUP NAME
Caudal Hypaxial Muscles External obliques
Internal obliques
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas minor
Caudal Epaxial Muscles Multifidus
Erector spinae
Pectoralis Group Pectoralis superficialis
(p. descendens & p. transversus)
Pectoralis profundus ( & xiphihumeralis)
Trapezius & Sternocleidomastoid Group Thoracic trapezius
Cervical trapezius
Cleidocervicalis
Cleidobrachialis
Sternomastoid
Cleidomastoid
Superficial Muscles of the Shoulder Omotransversarius
Acromiodeltoid
Scapulodeltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Deeper Muscles of the Shoulder Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Teres minor
Rhomboideus cervicis et thoracis
Rhomboideus capitis
Serratus ventralis
Subscapularis
Brachium Tensor fasciae antebrachii
Triceps brachii
(long head, lateral head, medial head)
Anconeus
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Antebrachium Fasciae antebrachii
Extensor retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi ...
radialis longus
radialis brevis
ulnaris
Extensor digitorum communis
Extensor digitoum lateralis
Extensor digiti I
Extensor digiti II
Abductor pollicis longus
Supinator
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
(ulnar head; 2,3,4 heads; radial head)
Lumbricales
Pronator quadratus
Lateral Thigh Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Caudofemoralis
Abductor cruris caudalis
Deeper pelvic muscles Gluteus superficialis
Gluteus medius
Gluteus profundus
Piriformis
Articularis coxae
Gemellus cranialis
Gemellus caudalis
Obturator internus
Coccygeus
Quadratus femoris
Obturator externus
Quadriceps Femoris Complex Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Caudomedial Thigh Muscles Gracilis
Semimembranosus
Pectineus
Adductor femoris longus
Adductor femoris brevis et magnus
Illiopsoas Complex Iliopsoas (Psoas major, Iliacus)
Shank Gastrocnemius
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Soleus
Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum brevis
Tibialis caudalis
Tibialis cranialis
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor digitorum brevis
Peroneus longus
Peroneus tertius
Peroneus brevis
Cranial Hypaxial Muscles External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Transversus thoracis
Rectus thoracis
Scalenus
Serratus dorsalis
Longus colli
Cranial Epaxial Muscles Splenius
Spinalis
Longissimus dorsi
Longissimus capitis
Iliocostalis
Semispinalis cervicis et capitis
Posthyoid Hypobrancial Muscles Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Prehyoid Hypobranchial Muscles Geniohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Lingualis proprius
Mandibular Branchiomeric Muscles Digastric
Mylohyoid
Masseter
Temporalis
Hyoid Muscles Platysma
Facial muscles
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
Caudal Branchiomeric Muscles Thyroarytenoid
Cricoarytenoid
Cricothyroid
Other Cutaneous trunci